Book Review: Traitors in the Shadows (Empire of the Moghul series by Alex Rutherford)

This is the sixth book in the series focusing on the sixth Moghul emperor Aurangzeb.

Probably due to troubled childhood of losing his mother Mumtaz at a young age and neglected by his father Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb grew up to be a complex person. He was neither a drunkard nor a womanizer, and his courage in the battlefield and skills in striking the enemy at his weakness were no less than his great grand father Akbar. So under his rule, Mughal Empire expanded consistently. Even after his sixties, he actively led the wars, annexed Golkhonda and Bijapur which were not ruled by Mughals until then.

Aurangzeb was clever and cruel. People either respected him or feared him. He had put most of his enemies to merciless deaths. His main enemy Shivaji died a natural death but his son Sambhaji was killed by Aurangzeb after subjecting him to sever physical torture. He crushed all the rebels including those from his sons. He ruled for five decades until his late eighties. He was in control of his empire till his last day.

Aurangzeb trusted no one completely but he had the finest ability to get into the minds of his enemies. He could guess their moves early and counter them effectively. He lost no war and compromised with no one. After all, he had become emperor after killing his own brothers and putting his ruling father into a confinement. He ruled with an iron bar. His strength came for his beliefs in religion. Being a strict follower of his religion, and turning a blind eye towards other religions and their followers had attracted much enmity. Rajputs, who were long time associates of Mughals from the times of Akbar, turned against Aurangzeb. Jats, Sikhs, Marathas opposed his rule. But Aurangzeb paid no attention to anyone’s advice; he just brushed away the suggestions from his sister not to go against Hindus. He was determined to put his thoughts into action which he believed is good for his kingdom and he even thought that is moral too.

But when death was nearing him, Aurangzeb got into a melancholy. After hearing deaths of his sisters, two sons and a daughter, he realizes that his father would have been in the same situation after failing to win the confidence of his own sons. To avoid the fight among his surviving three sons for his empire, he decides to split the kingdom among them. He dies of old age and ill health far away from his capital, preparing to hear the judgement of the God he believed in.

Getting into the heart of a complex person is not any easy task. But this novel brings the history alive. Unlike the previous books in this series, this book has more details on the preparations for war conquests, strategies, using spies and messengers etc. rather than characteristic details of the protagonist but yet gives no less shape to the person Aurangzeb was.

Alex Rutherford is the pen name of two writers, Diana Preston and her husband Michael Preston. This couple have spent considerable time of their lives into the study, research and getting this series of six books on the Moghul kingdom. And they have shown to the literature world how a historical fiction should be written.

True savior of India: Indian soldier, who else?

There are many discussions on whether India will remain unite. Some of India’s neighbors are hell bent on breaking down India. Let them do their best but taking a look back at the true saviors, real heroes of India, no one can doubt how our enemies are fighting a losing war.

It was 1999 and India was at war with its neighbor. A fighter pilot on strike had to eject off his plane with a parachute after his plane was hit by an enemy missile. He was captured, made a prisoner and was subjected to severe physical and mental torture. The experience was difficult to describe in words and he felt that “death would have been a better solution”. Some efforts made him to return to his home land. He was Nachiketa, a Flight Lieutenant serving Indian Air Force. When asked what he would do now, he said he would take another fighter jet into enemy skies. That was his wit, but the injuries he suffered barred him from flying a fighter but he still serves Indian Air Force flying transport planes. After several years of this incident, he reaffirmed his opinion “I am a soldier and is expected to undergo torture but I never repent in life”. Thanks to him and his colleagues, India won that war.

It was 2010, Bishnu Prasad Shrestha, a 35 year old Gurkha soldier serving Indian army, had taken voluntary retirement and was returning to his home town in a train. That train had to face robbery attack by a gang of around 30 armed bandits. Apart from snatching valuable goods, those bandits attempted to rape an 18-year old girl in front of her helpless parents. That girl appealed to Bishnu “You are a soldier, please save a sister”. The soldier got on his feet, and in a fight that lasted 20 minutes, he killed three bandits with his khukuri (a curved knife), injured eight and the rest fled losing their courage to face this determined lone soldier. This real life hero said “Fighting the enemy in battle is my duty as a soldier; taking on the dacoits in the train was my duty as a human being”. Army brought him back to service with a promotion. Indian Railways issued him a free pass and what a genuine reason they had. He indeed deserves a better attention than he got to makeover the image of India.

The Siachen Glacier, located at the northern tip of Kashmir, is the highest and coldest battlefield in the world. Guarding this border at fierce cold temperatures has killed hundreds of soldiers so far. In this place during the last month, struck by an avalanche, Lance Naik Hanamanthappa was buried under 25 feet of snow in temperatures that hovered above minus 40 degrees Celsius, for six days before the help arrived. Many called it a miracle, but the soldier was on a mission to guard India. This soldier stands tall amidst the forces with a plan to destroy India. Had he been alive, he would have got back on his job by now leaving no one second guessing his commitment toward his mission.

Against all odds of survival, at the borders or the interior lands, alone or with a group, these brave soldiers risked their lives to keep threats away. They never left their guard or morale down even when death stared at them. They are the true saviors and real life heroes of India. There is no threat to India as long as they are at work.

Book Review: Day’s End Stories (Anthology)

Life after sun set is quite different in small-towns from the metros and big towns. And for a diverse nation of India, each small-town has unique identity of its own. Those who lived in these towns but migrated to larger towns in later part of their lives tell their experiences those small towns offered them. This book is an anthology of ten essays by different authors. The small towns featured here are Patna, Gaya, Aligarh, Shillong, Mc Leod Ganj, Bikaner, Ahmedabad, Siliguri, Puducherry and Mananthavady. They cover the entire geography of India and each essay observes the vivid culture and social practices these small towns are made of. Some of them are light read and funny and few are dark and terrorizing.

I enjoyed the essay “Monsieur, Keen on Rajnikanth?” which is set in Pondicherry. It is written by a Bengali author who relocates to this small town and observes the cultural differences between Ashramiites and rest of the residents spending their nights in the bars and the growing differences between the economically high profile residents of Auroville and rest of the society. Another essay “Bihari Nights” set in Patna and the villages of Bihar was entertaining read too where-in author interviews childhood friends of Bollywood actor, Manoj Bajpai. In the essay “The bigness of small towns” author wonders about the prospects for a person choosing to be a full time writer. “Crossing Lines” is about the divide between two religions in the town of Ahmedabad. “Seeking the spirit of night” explores how the town of Shillong came into existence.

Authors of all these essays had lived some part of their life in the towns they wrote about but also elsewhere so they could clearly bring out the distinct qualities these small towns possess. Since these authors have literary inclinations too, these essays become long lasting as well. If you want to experience the night tours across the small towns of India sitting at the comfort of your home, get this book on your table.

Book Review: My Gita by Devdutt Pattnaik

The great epic Mahabharata has many versions to it. It has been told and retold throughout the history of mankind. Similarly, decoding Bhagavadgita too has been attempted by a numerous people. It was told by Krishna to Arjuna in the battlefield. Sanjay through his divine sight told what he saw to Dritharashtra. Since this is part of Mahabharata, Vyasa told this to all. Or Lord Ganesha put it in written format as he heard from Vyasa. This can go on but what is important is the message of the Gita. The circumstance was the highly skilled warrior Arjuna had got into a dilemma in the middle of the battlefield. Krishna succeeded in convincing him to pursue the war through his message which became a foundation stone for survival and revival of the Hindu religion since time unknown. From Adi Shankara to Swami Vivekananda have their own interpretations of the Gita. So is author of this book too, so he names this book “My Gita”. This is not a verse to verse translation or commentary like the majority of the books handle the subject but to explain the underlying themes to modern audience who do not have a deeper understanding of Hinduism and Vedanta or similar subject lines.

It has eighteen chapters to cover, each explaining a theme in a simple language with lots of charts, figures, decision tree, and flow diagrams etc. which help the reader to get the concept and logic right. I am giving the names of the first five chapters here which would help the reader to understand how it is arranged.

Chapters:

• You and I do not have to judge
• You and I have been here before
• You and I experience life differently
• You and I seek meaning
• You and I have to face consequences

So goes the flow. There are enough examples (mostly taken from Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purana) to explain each theme in detail. For those who agree with the Gita, it can offer a great relief from mental trauma. Since we do not have to judge, and cannot control the outcome of our actions, we are neither the cause or the source of grief. We are responsible only for our actions but not the results. It also restricts from taking the wrong path too. Since it says we have to face the consequences of our actions in this life or next (though we may not remember of our previous life in the next birth), one needs to acquire good Karma through their actions to earn a better life. Until the soul is cleansed clean, birth-death cycle continues. It can be viewed either as a great philosophy or as a nice brain wash. I am not sure if this is a message of the God or creation of a human intellect, but I see great efforts in putting this together in explaining the whole life and things beyond it, in a logical way. Hindu’s believe this the rock bed of their religion and for right reasons. Earlier I was thinking it does not matter if you have read Gita or not but not anymore. Now I believe and suggest everyone to read Gita, irrespective of whether they are Hindu’s or Indians. This is meant for those seeking the meaning of the life. Gita would answer most (or all) of your questions and take away the burden of emotional stress, if you had any. You neither brought any thing to this world nor take it away. You can make cosmetic changes in this world but the spiritual aspects would never alter and is not affected by time. So the message of the Gita had remained same from time immemorial and would remain so forever, though interpretations may acquire different forms.

Devdutt Pattnaik is a popular author and a columnist. He demystifies mythology and brings forward the message hidden in them in an appreciable manner. I have been reading his columns for many years and reading this book of his did really help to improve my understanding of the Gita. Now I believe synthesis of two great epics – Ramayana and Mahabharata along with the Gita would open the doors to the spiritual world. They are the essence of all Veda and Upanishads but in the form of stories.

Drag of the Dragon

Do you know why iPhone sales did top out last quarter? Apple said look at China. Do you know why Jaguar and Land Rower sales have dropped affecting our Tata Motors, the owners of the brand? Look at China. Why copper and iron ore prices are low and who has stopped buying? China. Who would be responsible for steel dumping in India? Why global trade is shrinking? Where are the big bad loans in the world? This can go on.

China was a driver of global economic growth and now has become a drag. Its currency is off the hook. Capital flows are reversing. Their forex reserve has come down by almost a trillion USD. Growth is steadily dropping. Dragon is wounded and bleeding. Probably this should have happened a couple of years ago. But China’s central bank and the Govt. decided against it. They tweaked many policies for a soft landing. But it appears like they were not entirely successful as their economy seems to be touching the ground hard and crushing many before they can steer it from export driven economy into a consumption based economy.

If other regions of the globe were doing well, China would have turned this around smoothly. But US Fed wants to restore normalcy after providing easy money for years that has triggered the reversal of capital flow from emerging countries. Thanks to China’s huge forex reserves. It sold off around a quarter of it to pay for these reverse flows. But the investment void cannot be filled easily. China’s debt is already high. To keep its economic growth, it built roads to ghost towns. And money is not returning from those projects. They have potential to end up as bad loans which will make the economy suffer for long times to come.

In a highly connected world, China can impact the global trade hugely. It can hurt the sales of US phone maker which in turn can take the chip makers in Taiwan and South Korea down who will further impact the entire supply chain under them. When China was booming, it created mining barons all over the world. Bellary, a town in Karnataka came to prominence with the price it received for its iron ore from China and became home to many political king makers but soon lost its shine when the iron ore prices dropped with reducing demand in China. Be it technology or metal commodities, China was an important end market. As its appetite is lost, it is hurting global trade. India’s growth or US becoming a steady economy is not helping to offset the lost sales in China. So along with China, everyone else is revising down their growth numbers.

In 2015, oil producing countries were biggest losers with a sharp drop in crude oil price. But it benefited other economies by bringing the inflation down. When China loses, no one gains significantly. Probably some jobs will move back to US and China’s neighbors would tear away some of the growth towards them. But that does not take global GDP up. Global markets had a bad start in 2016 and the trend is likely to continue for some more time in this year.

If you think otherwise that there is no problem with the world economy, which country do you think will drive growth and why?